PHYSICAL FEATURES OF INDIA /CLASS 09/GEOGRAPHY/SOCIAL SCIENCE / GLOSSARY /NCERT TEXTBOOK EXERCISE SOLUTIONS / PRACTICE QUESTIONS

 PHYSICAL FEATURES OF INDIA 

Q 1 MCQs

1. A landmass bounded by sea on three sides is referred to as

a.  Coast 

b. Peninsula 

c. Island 

d.  none of these

2. Mountain ranges in the Eastern part of India forming its boundary with Myanmar are collectively called as

 a.  Himachal

 b. Purvanchal 

c. Uttarakhand 

d.  none of above.

3. The Western Coastal strip south of Goa is referred to as 

a. Coromandel 

b.  Kannad 

c. kon kan

 d. Northern Circar

4. The highest peak in the Eastern Ghat is

 a. anai Mudi

 b. MahendraGiri

 c.  kanchanjanga

 d. Khasi.

Ans-1- c. Peninsula 

         2- c. Purvanchal

         3- c. Kannad

         4- c. Mahendragiri

Answer the following questions briefly

Q. 1  What are tectonic plates ?

Ans- Large fragments of earth crust are known as tectonic plates.

Q. 2. Which continents of today were part of gondwanaland ?

Ans- Australia ,South Africa, South America Antarctica ,India were parts of godwana land.

Q. 3. What is Bhabar ?

Ans- A narrow belt of tables on the foot of Shivalik mountains 8 to 16 km in which is known as Bhabhar.

Q. 4. Name the three major divisions of Himalayas from north to south.

Ans- three divisions of Himalayas from north to south are -

the Himadri (greater Himalayas)

Himachal (Middle  Himalayas)

 the Shivalik (Outer Himalayas)

Q. 5. Which plateau lies between the Aravali and Vindhya ranges ?

Ans- Malwa plateau.

Q. 6 Name the island group of India having Coral origin.

Ans- Lakshadweep.

3. Distinguish between following.. 

1. Converging and diverging tectonic plate.

Ans- The plate coming towards Each Other are called converging plates . They form convergent boundary . They may collide  and crumble or may slide Under The Other . They may horizontally pass each other and form transform boundary  holding and mountains buildings . They have formed present land features of the Himalayas. 

Two plates going in opposite directions form each other are called diverging plate . They form divergent boundary . They may not collide and crumble or they may not slide Under The Other . They may diverge horizontally but do not form transform boundary . They cause faulting . River valleys black Mountains are the result of these plates.

2. Bhangar and Khadar.

Ans- The plane formed by older alluvium is called bhangar . Laefe part of Northern Plains is formed of older alluvium . It lies above the flood Plains of river and present terrace like feature soil in this region contains calcareous deposit they are known as kankar  . They are less fertile as soil is not renewed every year.

The plain found by new Alluvium is called Khadar. This plain covers the flood plains. It lies in the flood Plains of the river and does not present as like feature. Soil in this place  does not contain calcareous deposit . They are suitable for intensive agriculture due to renewal of soil every year.

3.  Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats.

Ans-  The Western Ghats form the Western side or arm of the peninsular plateau. These ghats are  regular and comparatively higher in elevation. The Western Ghats are divided into four sub divisions as Sahyadri, Nilgiri, Animals and cardamom.

The Eastern Ghat form the eastern side of or of the peninsular plateau. Eastern Ghats are comparatively denuded resulting in lower elevation. They are broken at places by flowing of numerous rivers towards east . The Eastern Ghats are subdivided into two subdivisions the northern portion is called nallamala Hills. And the southern portion is named as Palkonda range and Javadi hills.

Q. 4 Describe how the Himalayas were formed .

Ans- Formation of the Himalayas :-

• The Convection currents and the lateral compressional forces were responsible for the formation of Himalayas are great Himalaya range.
• In between the Gondwana land and The Eurasian plate there was a narrow elongated trough called thrusts sea.  It was filled with the sedimentary Rocks. 
• Convectional current in crust split it into several plates.
• The Indo Australian plate after separating from the gondwanaland drifted towards north. As a result both the North and South and plates collided.
• Due to collision the sedimentary rocks accumulated in the geosyncline of the tethysas  got folded and uplifted.
• The uplifted folds  in the course of time assumed the Stature of Himalayas and the west Asian mountain system.

Q. 5 which are the major psychographic divisions of India? Contrast the relief of the Himalayan region with that of Peninsular plateau.

Ans- Major psychographic divisions of India.

• The Himalayan mountains
• The northern plains
• The peninsular plateau
• The Indian desert
• The coastal plain
• The Islands

Himalayan mountains comprises greatest and highest mountain ranges of the world. These Mountains are the young fold mountains and have come into existence as a result of a plate of strata  formed by the sedimentary rock. These mountains ranges are arranged parallel they are separated by the intervening valley and undulating plain. The Ranges abound in I-shaped valleys and U-shaped.  Perennial rivers originate from the snow capped mountains ranges. Major mountain peak situated in the Himalayas include the Everest , the Kanchenjunga, the Nanda Devi ,the Kailash,etc.

The peninsular plateau is rugged and is  and is a remenent  portion of the great old land mass called godwana land. It is the result of this plate of the old land mass the gondwanaland . It has igenous and metamorphic rocks in abundance.

In the absence of snow capped mountains ranges the rivers originating in this region are rainfed and seasonal.

Q. 6 Give an account of Northern Plains of India.

Ans- One of the most important physical divisions of India is the northern plains:-

• The Himalayan and peninsular rivers have made of the vast undulating plain by depositing Alluvial soil.
• The plain is a result of the interplay of three major river systems. They are the Indus ,the Ganga , the Brahmaputra and the tributaries.
• The deposition of alluvium in a vast Basic line at foothills of the Himalayas over millions of years from the most fertile plain in the world.
• This place has been centre of human settlements from ancient times.
• Numerous large cities have evolved on the banks of the river.
• Majauli is the largest inhabited riverine Island.

Q.  7 write short note on the following

1. The Indian desert
2.  The central Highlands
3.  The land group of India

Ans- 1. The Indian desert- the Indian desert lies in the state of Rajasthan ,North Gujarat ,South Punjab and western Haryana. It is Sandy tracks and sand dunes  dominating the terrain. It is devoid of forest,  only shrubs and scrubs here and there. Water scarcity looms large.

  

2. The central Highlands-  The part of the peninsula  play two line to the north of the Narmada river covers a major area of the malwa plateau . It is known as Central Highlands. The Vidya raised about the central Highlands on the south and their families on the Northwest. Further West ward extension gradually merges with the Sandy and Rocky desert of Rajasthan and gangetic plain. The eastward extensions of display to locally known as the Bundelkhand and baghelkhand in Southern Uttar Pradesh. Chhota Nagpur Plateau marked the further East ward extension.

3. The island groups of India -  India has two groups of islands lying in the Bay of Bengal and in the Arabian Sea.

I)  Lakshwadeep (Arabian Sea)- They form a group of small Coral island. These islands prayed over 32 sq Km they form the India's tiniest union territory in terms of area and population. Islands are covered with white sand deposit. The reason experiences equatorial climate. Karavati Island is the headquarters of Lakshadweep.

II)  Andaman and nicobar islands (Bay of Bengal)  - It consists of as many as 200 Islands.

They are spread over an area of 350 square kilometre. These islands are fairly large and more numerous than the Lakshadweep. The Indira Point has drowned in the recent Tsunami disaster. India's only active volcano is on Barren Island in the Andaman.